Battery Energy Storage System (BESS): A Technical Guide for Power Engineers

1. Introduction The global power sector is undergoing a fundamental transition driven by large-scale integration of renewable energy, decentralised generation, electric vehicles, and digitalisation of grids. While solar and wind power are clean and sustainable, their intermittent and non-dispatchable or variable nature poses serious challenges to grid stability, power quality, and reliability. Generation of electricity … Read more

Ferroresonance in Power Systems: Causes, Effects, and Engineering Mitigation

Introduction Ferroresonance is one of the most misunderstood and underestimated phenomena in medium-voltage (MV) and high-voltage (HV) power systems. Unlike short circuits or insulation failures, it is not a fault condition, yet it can lead to severe overvoltages, VT failures, insulation damage, and protection maloperation. With the increasing use of long MV cables, compact substations, … Read more

Digital Transformation of Electrical Distribution Systems

Introduction The electrical distribution systems are undergoing a fundamental shift. Traditional, manually operated electrical power distribution networks are no longer sufficient to meet today’s demands for reliability, safety, sustainability, and operational efficiency. With the rapid growth of renewable energy, electric vehicles, and data-driven industries, the digital transformation of electrical distribution systems has become a strategic … Read more

AIS vs GIS vs SSIS vs RMU: A Complete Guide For Medium Voltage Switchgear Selection

Introduction Why the comparing AIS vs GIS vs SSIS vs RMU important? Modern power systems demand compact, reliable and sustainable medium voltage switchgear. With the multiple options available, Engineers are often asked a common question:“What is the difference between AIS vs GIS vs SSIS vs RMU – and which switchgear is best for my project?” … Read more

Environmental Impact on Switchboards: Complete Engineering Guide

Introduction Environmental impact is a topic that often gets overlooked during the design phase of a switchboard. While designers usually consider ambient temperature as a primary environmental parameter, several other critical conditions—such as humidity, salinity, and pollution levels—play an equally important role in ensuring the long-term reliability of MV switchboards. Why do these conditions matter? … Read more

Bus Bar Design for Electrical Switchboards

Introduction To understand the bus bar as a critical element of switchboard assembly, we can draw an analogy with the human body. Just as healthy veins are vital for circulating blood throughout the body to ensure proper functioning, a properly designed bus bar system is essential for distributing electrical power safely and reliably within a … Read more

Essential Design Validation Rules for Non-Tested MV Switchboards

Introduction Type testing of medium-voltage (MV) switchboards in NABL-accredited laboratories is a mandatory requirement for compliance with IEC 62271-200. These tests verify critical aspects such as dielectric strength, temperature rise, short-time current withstand, and internal arc classification. However, switchboards are usually offered in multiple variants within the same product family—differing in current ratings, fault levels, … Read more

Value Selling: A Strategy for Sustainable Business Growth

Introduction Every moment in life, we are selling something—sometimes knowingly, sometimes unknowingly. Surprised? You might say, “But I’m not a salesman.” Think again. Imagine the moment just before your annual appraisal when you’re convincing your manager to recommend a higher raise. What are you really doing? You’re selling—selling yourself through your achievements. Selling, at its … Read more

Determining Fault Level in Electrical Network

Introduction In a previous article, we discussed the various types of faults encountered in an electrical distribution network. In this article, we focus on one of the most severe types — the short-circuit fault. For the smooth and reliable operation of any electrical distribution system, it is essential to provide adequate protection against abnormal conditions. … Read more

Protection for Electrical Distribution System: Ensuring Safety and Reliability

Introduction In today’s heavily mechanised and digitised world, electricity forms the foundation of modern living. From homes and offices to large-scale industries and infrastructure like highways, railways, airports, and ports—every function relies on a stable, uninterrupted power supply. At the heart of this dependency lies the electrical distribution system, which ensures the delivery of power … Read more